This paper seeks to present if in islam there is a notion called religious fundamentalism or simply the term is non existent. This led to investment in educational reforms and programs on peace education. Therefore, when the expression religious terrorism is used in this research, the notion of political terrorism strongly complemented or inspired by religion is meant. Religious fundamentalism names an ideological perspective found in most, if not all, major religions and is currently associated with variant forms of extremism and religiouslymotivated acts of violence, including terrorism. Leonard weinberg and ami pedahzur, eds, religious fundamentalism and political extremism portland. Preventing religious radicalisation and violent extremism. Anchor religious extremism in violent action justifiedlegitimized by religious scriptures, by fundamentalists or not. Linkages to terrorism pakistans perspective huma baqai associate professor, chairperson department of social sciences, iba karachi, pakistan email. This is not to suggest that it is the only model because nationalism and ideology remain as potent catalysts for extremist behavior.
Extremism and fundamentalism international journal of. Psychometric scales and assessment tools 35 the revised religious fundamentalism scale 35 the violent extremist risk assessment 35 6. Since links are often perceived between fundamentalism, extremism and terrorism, most commonly with respect to islamic fundamentalism, it is desirable to delineate a model of fundamentalism which. Other articles where hindu fundamentalism is discussed. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism nova religio. According to the religious leaders and policy organizations urging americans to vote with their biblical values, to be christian now means to support one or, at most, a small handful of policy. At the present time it is associated with various expressions of religious extremism and, most worryingly, with religiouslymotivated terrorism. Religious fundamentalism and terrorism elijah onyango standslause odhiambo1 abstract the study of terrorism is multidisciplinary, which includes fields like religion, sociology, criminology, political science amongst others. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism cass seriestotalitarian movements and political religions ami pedahzur this book explores the relationships between fundamentalist religious belief, political extremism and outbreaks of religiously inspired violence.
However, the religious fundamentalism with which islamist extremism is associated arguably follows an identifiable paradigm that has a wider purview. Moreover, conformity to a religious code has never been. This has resulted in pakistan being more concerned with internal security challenges rather than external, as extremism and. Dec 18, 2010 not really fundamentalism is at least theoretically a rigid adherence to orthodoxy, i. On the basis of an original survey among native christians and muslims of turkish and moroccan origin in germany, france, the netherlands, belgium, austria and sweden, this paper investigates four. Extremism has to do with outer violence against other, and against self like flagellation for being a sinner. Violent, extremist religious movements are now proliferating and feature not.
Religious fundamentalism and political extremism, nova. Pdf all religions have worldviews and their followers become defensive when. The discussion focused on the history of religious fundamentalism, the tensions that have arisen between modernity and socalled traditional values, and the role that religious leaders can play in. A fundamentalist strictly observes a basic set of principles and takes the central tenets of their religion to be literally true. Is the postcold war world increasingly violent and is this violence the result of strident religious understandings of how societies should be organized. This book explores the relationships between fundamentalist religious belief, political extremism and outbreaks of religiously inspired violence. Engaging religion and religious actors in countering violent. Eprs religious fundamentalism and radicalisation members research service page 3 of 8 factors political and social environment, and a psychological need for identity. The term fundamentalism has been deemed misleading by those who suggest that all mainstream muslims believe in the literal divine origin and perfection of the quran and are therefore fundamentalists, and others who believe it is a term that.
The more we hear talk about bush leading a national political and religious rebirth, the more we approach the conditions needed for a genuine fascism to arise. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism cass. Further, the rise of extremist religious forces around the world is not occurring in a vacuum, but is inextricably linked to political, social and economic factors, including geopolitics, systemic inequalities and economic disparities and militarism. However, those commonly called fundamentalists may well be hostile to. Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs. Broadly speaking, fundamentalism denotes a religiopolitical perspective found. Economics of religion, religious violence, extremism, sectarianism, terrorism, suicidebombing, rational choice. Extremism is usually grounded on the thinking that it is better to try it out to see what it is rather than play it safe and not know. The history and identity of fundamentalism is complex. Oct 26, 2012 according to the religious leaders and policy organizations urging americans to vote with their biblical values, to be christian now means to support one or, at most, a small handful of policy. Religious fundamentalism and terrorism springerlink. However, fundamentalism has come to be applied to a tendency among certain groups mainly, although not exclusively, in religion that is characterized by a markedly strict literalism as it is applied to certain specific scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, and a strong.
Broadly speaking, the term fundamentalism today names a religiopolitical perspective found in most if not all major. It is possible, thus, to single out three different uses of the term fundamentalism. When it comes to beliefs, most people like to play it safe and stay in the middle such as staying in the grey area instead of openly choosing black or white. In this report, a former senior policy adviser and a usip senior specialist explore the nexus of religion and violent extremism. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism cass seriestotalitarian movements and political religions kindle edition by pedahzur, ami, weinberg, leonard. Often religious extremism is seen in opposition to a. Pdf this book explores the relationships between fundamentalist religious belief, political extremism and outbreaks of religiously inspired violence find. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism religious fundamentalism and political extremism weinberg, leonard 20041101 00.
Broadly speaking, the term fundamentalism today names a religiopolitical perspective found in most if not all major religions in the contemporary world. Introduction at first glance, the link between religious extremism and terrorism seems obvious. In any culture, religion, political ideology or fashion in any belief, whatsoever, you will always have the two ends on both sides of this grey area and that is the fundamentalist belief on one. What is usually called hindu fundamentalism in india has been influenced more by nationalism than by religion, in part because hinduism does not have a specific sacred text to which conformity can be demanded. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Islamic extremism in indonesia 2 islamic extremism and fundamentalism in democratic indonesia 5 extremism and fundamentalism. Oishimaya is an indian native, currently residing in kolkata. Pdf in islam there is much of political extremism than.
Religious fundamentalism and political extremism ebook by. Joseph kony in uganda that use religion as a way to attract followers and justify its actions. An extremist may take action in order to indoctrinate their beliefs that play on fear. How christian fundamentalism feeds the toxic partisanship of. Psychometric scales and assessment tools currently used to measure features of radicalisation, as a psychological construct, include the published revised religious fundamentalism scale and the violent extremist risk assessment vera2. Christian fundamentalism and extremism douglas prattabc a religious studies programme, department of philosophy and religious studies, university of waikato, hamilton, new zealand b global terrorism research centre, school of social and political.
Religious fundamentalism and political extremism 1st. Religious fundamentalism names an ideological perspective found in most, if not all, major religions and is cur rently associated with variant forms of extremism and religiouslymotivated acts of violence, including terrorism. Psychometric scales and assessment tools currently used to measure features of radicalisation, as a psychological construct, include the published revised religious fundamentalism scale and the violent extremist risk assessment vera2, and the unpublished extremist. An extremist is someone who takes their religious beliefs to a fanatical level causing them to act in ways that are not understood by the general public. Second religious terrorism that doesnt have such a worldly goal and that strives for a higher abstract sacred goal that is impossible to reach wilkinson, 1992.
Terrorism, radicalisation, extremism, authoritarianism and. Religious fundamentalism and violent extremism springerlink. Hindu fundamentalism religious and political movement. Terrorism and political violence religion and terrorism. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism leonard weinberg, ami pedahzur nova religio. Religious fundamentalists all over the world oppose womens autonomy and any space for change, resulting in direct and indirect controls over gender and sexuality, the curbing of womens rights and especially those of women from marginalized communities, including gender and sexual nonconforming persons. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism cass series. Table of contents iv forging a new indonesiacanada partnership. Religious extremists are willing to murder because they embrace theologies that sanction violence in the service of god. Political explanations 26 the role of social bonds and networks 27 the role of religion in the radicalisation process 28 radicalisation incubators 30 4. Religious terrorism t errorism in the name of religion has become the predominant model for political violence in the modern world. This book explores the relationships between fundamentalist religious belief, political extremism and outbreaks of.
Pdf religious fundamentalism and political extremism. About the project iv about the authors 1 executive summary 1 introduction 1 an old story. Extremist or fundamentalist religious groups are found in many religions such as hinduism, judaism. Definitions vary as to what islamic fundamentalism exactly is and how, if at all, it differs from islamism or political islam or islamic revivalism. Why, though, have religiouslyaffiliated acts of terrorism become such a common occurrence. An extremist may believe in using force, fear, or violence as means to bring about religious change.
Not really fundamentalism is at least theoretically a rigid adherence to orthodoxy, i. Christian fundamentalists castigated fellow protestants as sellouts to modernity. Read religious fundamentalism and political extremism by available from rakuten kobo. This emergence of religionpolitical party has threatened the secular character of india. A fundamentalist strictly observes a basic set of principles and. The september 11 terrorist attacks on the united states brought attention to islamic fundamentalism and extremism.
Someone who is into an extremist belief might be, according to convention, leaning towards the leftist movement or the change movement rather than what is known and familiar. A political science perspective on religious fundamentalism. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution 3. The issue of religious extremism in an economic framework goes back as far as david hume and adam smith see the discussions in feigenbaum and levy 1992 and iannaccone 1997.
The impact of religious fundamentalisms and extreme. Sikh fundamentalism first attracted attention in the west in 1978, when the fiery preacher jarnail singh bhindranwale reportedly led a march to break up a gathering of the sikh nirankari movement from punjabi nirankar, formless, reflecting the movements belief in the nature of god, which orthodox sikhs considered heretical. Apr 25, 2017 religious fundamentalism refers to the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet, and or god. Journal of ecumenical studies, volume 53, number 4, fall 2018, pp. There are diverse reasons and motivations for terrorist activities. Religious places are used for political propaganda and the religious sentiments of the people are excited in order to gain political control of the state. But the period of zias military regime proved to be a vital phase for spreading, infusing and injecting religious extremism, radicalization, fundamentalism, sectarianism and intolerance into the pakistani society.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading religious fundamentalism and political extremism cass seriestotalitarian. How christian fundamentalism feeds the toxic partisanship. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism nova. Religious fundamentalism and political extremism cass seriestotalitarian movements and political religions 9780714654928. Current state of violent religious extremism in pakistan by all metrics, the level of terrorist violence in pakistan is staggering. That isnt really true, as fundamentalism is usually a conservative set of religious beliefs, which make it the orthodoxy of a previous tim. It is any attempt to protect the self or the community from any potential threat or deviation in matters of doctrine and conduct. For, without doubt, religion is increasingly in the frame as a critical component of contemporary terrorism and political violence. Using religion as a useful narrative, a cognitive framework is built on religious fundamentalism and other ideologies to create solidarity and increase loyalty to the cause. However, religious extremism has become a central issue for the global community. Engaging religion and religious actors in countering. Often religious extremism is seen in opposition to a person, people, or government that is acting against the fundamental beliefs of a religion. Islam fundamentalism and extremism in a modern world, where enlightened minds consider reason to be intellectually valuable, how is it possible for religious fundamentalism to be increasing in popularity.
Within true islamic fundamentalism one would never see crimes against humanity, heinous acts of hatred, political killing, terrorism, oppression, religious extremism or zealotry, or the forcing of ones religion on others. The journal of alternative and emergent religions, vol. This is the opposite of what people commonly call islamic fundamentalism. This book explores the relationships between fundamentalist religious belief, political extremism and outbreaks of relig.
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